Criminal Law:
the body of law that defines criminal offences and the penalties for
convicted offenders. There are five main goals of criminal justice:
retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restitution. The
two basic elements of a crime are the act of doing that which is criminal,
and the intention to carry it out. In Latin this is called the actus reus
and the mens rea. In many crimes however, there is no necessity of
showing criminal intention, which is why the term "strict liability" is
used.